Heat Stress: Symptoms, First Aid, & Prevention

HEAT STRESS
SYMPTOMS, FIRST AID, & PREVENTION

Infographic Transcription

Millions of U.S. workers are exposed to heat elements in their workplace each year. Hazardous heat exposure can occur both indoors, outdoors, and across multiple industries.

702
Heat-Related Deaths Each Year

67,000
ER Visits Annually

50%-70%
of Heat-Related Deaths Occur on a Worker’s First Day on the Job

HEAT ILLNESSES

Heat Stroke
Occurs when the body can no longer control its temperature. Heat stroke can cause permanent disability or death if the person does not receive emergency treatment.

Heat Exhaustion
The body’s response to an excessive loss of water and salt, usually through excessive sweating.

Rhabdomyolysis
Causes the rapid breakdown, rupture, and death of muscle. When muscle tissue dies, electrolytes and large proteins are released into the bloodstream. This can cause irregular heart rhythms, seizures, and damage to the kidneys.

Heat Syncope
A fainting (syncope) episode or dizziness that usually occurs when standing for too long or suddenly standing up after sitting or lying. Factors that may contribute to heat syncope include dehydration and lack of acclimatization.

Heat Cramps
Usually affect workers who sweat a lot during strenuous activity. This sweating depletes the body’s salt and moisture levels. Low salt levels in muscles cause painful cramps.

HEAT ILLNESS SYMPTOMS

Confusion
Excessive Sweating
Headache
Dizziness
Elevated Body Temperature
Fainting
Seizures
Nausea
Muscle Weakness
Muscle Cramps

FIRST AID

Never leave a worker with heat illness alone. The illness can take a rapid turn for the worse. When any signs are present, follow these steps:

Move the worker to a cool area
Use a cold compress
Provide the worker with a cooler environment and powder for areas where a rash is present
Call 911 if the worker has lost consciousness or may be experiencing a seizure

BEST WAYS TO COOL DOWN

Cold water or ice bath, if possible
Wet the skin
Place cold wet cloths on the skin
Soak clothing with cool water

PREVENTION

According to the Center of Disease Control (CDC), the gradual intensity of the heat exposure could take 1-2 weeks for workers to acclimate. Follow these five tips to prevent worker heat exposure:

Drink water every 15 minutes in hot conditions
Wear light, loose-fitted, and light-colored clothing
Take frequent breaks in a cool, shaded place
Schedule shifts earlier in the day, especially for more physically demanding projects
Create a plan for extreme heat and train workers on how to be helpful in an emergency