Facility Safety and Compliance: Utilizing the Right Pipe Markers

Collecting Pipe Data for Pipe Labels

A safety audit should be conducted to determine which pipes need labeling or relabeling. This process involves walking through the facility, photographing pipes that require pipe markers, and taking detailed notes. Alternatively, a copy of the plan can be used if a map of the facility’s network of pipes is available. Locations requiring pipe labels should be numbered on the plan, with each number cross-referenced to the following information for each case:

• Pipe diameter
• Pipe contents
• Direction of flow
• Special situations (pipes that are greasy or hot will require a ladder to access, etc.)
• Optional: it may be helpful to include other details such as pressure or temperature of contents.

Exceptions To the Rules

It's important to know that some industries and localities are held to different standards. The pulp and paper industry, for instance, is required to apply ANSI/ASME A13.1 in its mills, according to 29 CFR 1910.261(3)(ii).

Hospitals and healthcare facilities often follow the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) standard NFPA 99: Healthcare Facilities Code, which covers many aspects of a hospital or healthcare facility and includes pipe labeling information.

Seafaring ships and vessels have their own pipe marking standard, allowing language-independent identification of pipes. The international standard ISO 14726:2008 (or ISO 14726) uses bands of color to identify pipes on seafaring ships and vessels.

Ammonia refrigeration has its own set of standards, the most common standard for ammonia refrigeration pipe markers is from the International Institute of Ammonia Refrigeration (IIAR), known as IIAR 9-2020.

Some jurisdictions may also be covered by other legal requirements. Check with your local authorities to ensure that you are complying with municipal and state law.

Label Color Codes for Pipe Labels

The American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) sets the standard for the pipe marker color code system. The label colors are based on the type of hazard present in the pipe. The pipe marker color code is the font color followed by label color, for example, black on yellow is black type on a yellow label. 

The facility can use the four "wild card" color combinations to best meet its needs if it remains consistent. It is important to document these assigned colors aligned with the pipe marker color code and train workers to recognize them.

The Right Pipe Labels and Font Size for the Right Pipe

Each label, including the font, comes in different sizes. The size of the font and label depends on the pipe diameter.

It’s recommended to use a hanging tag for pipes with a diameter of 0.75” or less.

The label will need to identify the pipe contents and the direction of flow. Abbreviations may be used but it must be clear what they mean. It can also include details such as pressure or temperature. 

Where to Place Pipe Labels in a Workplace 

The standard emphasizes proper label placement to ensure that pipe labels are frequent enough in the facility, especially in areas with many pipes, and that they are visible without needing to travel a long distance. Employees should not have to run along the length of a pipe to find out what's inside; they need to be able to address the hazard immediately in case of an emergency.  

Pipe markers should be positioned at the typical angle of approach. For example, if a pipe is in a high ceiling and people usually walk underneath it, the pipe labeling should be placed on the underside of the pipe. A common recommendation for label spacing is no more than 50 feet apart on straight sections or 25 feet apart in congested areas. Pipe marking should also be placed next to any changes in pipe direction and placed on both sides of wall or floor openings, including near all valves and flanges.

DuraLabel Resources for Pipe Labels 

Pipe markers are crucial for identifying the contents and direction of flow within industrial pipelines. The pipe labeling helps workers navigate complex pipe systems safely and efficiently while detailing what each pipe carries. Understanding how to make and use pipe labels properly boosts safety and compliance with regulations in the workplace. 

Having the right tools can make a big difference when creating reliable pipe labels. It's important to find a high-quality printer that simplifies the creation of these labels. Whether you need safety signs, pipe markers, or equipment labels, the DuraLabel Kodiak Max Industrial Sign and Label Print System is ready to meet your needs with its easy-loading ribbons and 9" full-color touchscreen. 

With ongoing education and training, workers can ensure the pipe marking effectively communicates important information, protecting both people and the environment.

A great way to learn more about pipe marking is with DuraLabel’s free Pipe Marking Instant Action Guide. This guide helps you stay compliant with OSHA and ANSI standards, understand the hazards that might be in the pipes, and keep up with industry-specific rules. For help creating a reliable pipe labeling system, call 1-888-402-8820 and speak with an expert who can guide you through the process. 

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